An Investigation of the Role of Community Health Nurses in Polio Eradication Efforts in Sokoto State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio, is a highly infectious viral disease that primarily affects children under the age of five, leading to irreversible paralysis and, in severe cases, death. Despite global efforts to eradicate polio, certain regions, including parts of Nigeria, have faced challenges due to factors such as insecurity, cultural resistance, and logistical barriers. Community health nurses play a pivotal role in the fight against polio, particularly in regions like Sokoto State. Their responsibilities encompass immunization drives, public health education, surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), and engagement with local communities to address vaccine hesitancy. In Sokoto State, the involvement of community health nurses has been instrumental in implementing vaccination campaigns and enhancing community trust in healthcare initiatives. However, the specific contributions and challenges faced by these nurses in polio eradication efforts require further investigation to inform future strategies and policies.
Statement of the Problem
Despite significant progress in reducing polio cases globally, Sokoto State continues to face challenges in achieving complete eradication. Factors such as cultural beliefs, misinformation, and logistical constraints hinder vaccination efforts. Community health nurses are at the forefront of addressing these challenges through direct patient care, community engagement, and public health education. However, there is limited research on the specific roles they play, the effectiveness of their interventions, and the obstacles they encounter in polio eradication efforts in Sokoto State.
This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the roles, contributions, and challenges of community health nurses in polio eradication initiatives within the state.
Objectives of the Study
1. To identify the specific roles of community health nurses in polio eradication efforts in Sokoto State.
2. To assess the impact of community health nurses' interventions on polio vaccination coverage and AFP surveillance.
3. To identify challenges faced by community health nurses in implementing polio eradication activities.
Research Questions
1. What specific roles do community health nurses play in polio eradication efforts in Sokoto State?
2. How do interventions by community health nurses affect polio vaccination coverage and AFP surveillance?
3. What challenges do community health nurses encounter in their polio eradication activities?
Research Hypotheses
1. H₀: Community health nurses do not play a significant role in polio eradication efforts in Sokoto State.
2. H₀: Interventions by community health nurses have no significant impact on polio vaccination coverage and AFP surveillance.
3. H₀: Community health nurses do not face significant challenges in implementing polio eradication activities.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on community health nurses involved in polio eradication efforts in Sokoto State. It examines their roles, the impact of their interventions, and the challenges they face. The study is limited to public healthcare facilities and may not capture the experiences of nurses in private or non-governmental settings. Additionally, the study relies on self-reported data, which may be subject to bias.
Definition of Terms
• Poliomyelitis (Polio): A highly infectious viral disease that can cause paralysis and is preventable through vaccination.
• Community Health Nurses: Nurses who work within communities to provide healthcare services, including preventive and educational interventions.
• Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP): A clinical syndrome characterized by rapid onset of weakness, often used in surveillance for polio.
• Vaccination Coverage: The proportion of the target population that has received the recommended vaccinations.
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